Unveiling the Mystery: Why is the Forbidden City Called the Forbidden City?
The imposing grandeur of Beijing's Forbidden City, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture, captivates visitors from across the globe. While most know it by its common English name, "Forbidden City," the origins of this name and its connection to the palace's Chinese name reveal a deeper layer of history and meaning.
The Literal Translation: A City of Purple Mystery
The English name "Forbidden City" is a direct translation of the Chinese name Zijincheng (紫禁城), which literally translates to "Purple Forbidden City." This name, first formally used in 1576, holds the key to understanding the palace's significance.
-
Purple: In ancient China, purple represented the North Star, known as the Ziwei Star (紫微星). This star, according to Chinese astronomy, was the celestial residence of the Celestial Emperor, the ruler of the heavens. The use of "purple" in the name directly connected the earthly emperor residing within the palace to the celestial power and authority of the Celestial Emperor.
-
Forbidden: The word "forbidden" (禁) speaks to the exclusive and restricted nature of the palace. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Forbidden City served as the imperial palace, the epicenter of political power and the emperor's residence. Access to the city was strictly controlled, with only the emperor, his family, his concubines, court officials, and selected servants permitted within its walls. This exclusivity reinforced the emperor's absolute authority and the sacredness of his domain.
City vs. Palace: Unveiling the True Scale
While "Forbidden Palace" is often used interchangeably with "Forbidden City," the latter more accurately reflects the original Chinese meaning. The Forbidden City, encompassing 180 acres and boasting nearly 10,000 rooms, was more than just a palace; it was a self-contained city within a city. This sprawling complex housed not only the emperor's living quarters but also government offices, temples, gardens, libraries, theaters, and living spaces for thousands of people who served the imperial court. The use of "city" emphasizes the sheer scale and complexity of this architectural wonder, which functioned as the heart of the Chinese empire for centuries.
Unveiling the Forbidden City's Enduring Legacy
Today, the Forbidden City stands as a testament to China's rich history, architectural prowess, and cultural heritage. While no longer an imperial residence, its name continues to evoke a sense of awe and mystery, inviting visitors to step back in time and experience the grandeur and intrigue of imperial China.
Q&A:
1. What is the literal translation of the Forbidden City's Chinese name?
The literal translation of the Forbidden City's Chinese name, Zijincheng (紫禁城), is "Purple Forbidden City."
2. Why is the color purple significant in the name?
Purple represented the North Star, or Ziwei Star, believed to be the celestial residence of the Celestial Emperor. The use of purple connected the earthly emperor to divine power and authority.
3. Why is "Forbidden City" a more accurate translation than "Forbidden Palace"?
"Forbidden City" better reflects the scale and complexity of the site. Encompassing nearly 10,000 rooms and sprawling over 180 acres, the Forbidden City functioned as a city within a city, housing not just the emperor's palace but also government offices, temples, gardens, and more.